Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs) represent specific geographic locations. For example: .mx represents Mexico and .eu represents the European Union. Some ccTLDs have residency restrictions. For example, .eu requires registrants to live or be located in a country belonging to the European Union. Other ccTLDs, like the ccTLD .it representing Italy, allow anyone to register them, but require a trustee service if the registrant is not located in a specified country or region. Finally, there are ccTLDs that can be registered by anyone — .co representing Colombia, for example, has no residency requirements at all. A .ac — Ascension Island .ad — Andorra .ae — United Arab Emirates .af — Afghanistan .ag — Antigua and Barbuda .ai — Anguilla .am — Armenia .an — Antigua and Barbuda .ao — Angola .aq —…
A second-level domain (SLD) is the portion of the domain name that is located immediately to the left of the dot and domain name extension. Example 1: The SLD in coolexample.com is coolexample. Example 2: The SLD in coolexample.co.uk is still coolexample. You define the SLD when you register a domain name. A country code second-level domain (ccSLD) is a domain name class that many country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registries implement. The ccSLD portion of the domain name is located between the ccTLD and the SLD. Example: The ccSLD in coolexample.co.uk is .co.
A top-level domain (TLD) is the part of the domain name located to the right of the dot (" . "). The most common TLDs are .com, .net, and .org. Some others are .biz, .info, and .ws. These common TLDs all have certain guidelines, but are generally available to any registrant, anywhere in the world. ICANN identifies the following categories of TLDs: Country-code top-level domains (ccTLD) -- Each ccTLD identifies a particular country and is two letters long. The ccTLD for the United States, for example, is .us Infrastructure top-level domain -- There is only one TLD in this group, ARPA (Address and Routing Parameter Area). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages this TLD for the IETF. Sponsored top-level domains (sTLD): These are overseen by private organizations. Generic top-level…
Nameservers are the Internet's equivalent to phone books. A nameserver maintains a directory of domain names that match certain IP addresses (computers). The information from all the nameservers across the Internet is gathered in a central registry. Nameservers make it possible for visitors to access your website using a familiar domain name, instead of having to remember a series of numbers. Nameservers "point" your domain name to the company that controls its DNS settings. Usually, this will be the company where you registered the domain name. However, if your website is hosted by another company, sometimes you'll need to use their nameservers. Every website in existence has an IP address, which is how computers look them up. But to make it easier on us humans, we can get to websites…
A gTLD is a generic top-level domain name. These are not linked to geographical regions or special authorities. gTLDs are typically used to describe organizations and businesses. Most TLDs with three or more characters are referred to as "generic" TLDs, or "gTLDs". They can be subdivided into two types, "sponsored" TLDs (sTLDs) and "unsponsored TLDs (uTLDs), as described in more detail below. In the 1980s, seven gTLDs (.com, .edu, .gov, .int, .mil, .net, and .org) were created. Domain names may be registered in three of these (.com, .net, and .org) without restriction; the other four have limited purposes. Over the next twelve years, various discussions occurred concerning additional gTLDs, leading to the selection in November 2000 of seven new TLDs for introduction. These were introduced in 2001 and 2002. Four…
IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet "a-z". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European "0-9". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed "ASCII characters" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of "Unicode characters" that provides the basis for IDNs. The "hostname rule" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the…
Every computer connected to the internet has an IP (or Internet Protocol) address—the address that other computers can read to figure out where to send information and where it’s coming from. click following link to find your IP address: https://domain.powerhoster.com/whats-my-ip-address/ The IP address looks like : 123.23.54.23. Think of this number like your address at home: #23 - 193 Something Street Goodman Town, USA, 12345 Each of the different parts of your address: street, town, city, etc. help the delivery man find your house. An IP address does the same for internet traffic. If you knew the specific IP address of the server you were trying to access, you could get to a website by typing in just the IP address. This is great for computers, but it would be hard…
There are two versions of Internet Protocol in popular use: version 4 (IPv4) and version 6 (IPv6). IPv4 was developed in the early 1980s. It has capacity of just over four billion IP addresses, almost all of which have now been allocated to Internet service providers and users. An IPv4 address looks like this: 192.0.2.53. IPv6 is the next generation of IP, with a 128-bit address space, providing 340 undecillion addresses. An IPv6 address looks like this: 2001:0db8::53. While the intention is for IPv6 to surpass IPv4 as the commonly used system, this process is ongoing. Adoption is important because IPv4 and IPv6 essentially operate as parallel systems, meaning data cannot be exchanged between these protocols without transition technologies.
There are currently five RIRs: AfriNIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC and RIPE NCC. These non-profit organizations are responsible for distributing and managing IP addresses on a regional level to Internet service providers and local registries.
A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, is the address of an Internet website or webpage. Think of a URL as a street address for the location of information on the Internet. For instance, a complete URL like http://coolexample.com/music, points you to the music page of the coolexample.com website. Take a look at the anatomy of this URL to better understand how they direct online users to specific information: http://coolexample.com/funky/music.html http:// = protocol coolexample = domain name .com =TLD /funky/music.html = path /funky/ = directory /music.html = file name A domain name is part of a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator. You can see the visual difference in the following example: In order for computer networks and servers to “talk to one another,” computers rely on a language made…