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Root Servers

The root servers contain the IP addresses of all the TLD registries – both the global registries such as .com, .org, etc. and the 244 country-specific registries such as .fr (France), .cn (China), etc. This is critical information. If the information is not 100% correct or if it is ambiguous, it might not be possible to locate a key registry on the Internet. In DNS parlance, the information must be unique and authentic.

Routing System

Despite the diverse nature of the Internet, network operators need to exchange information with one another to provide the technical routing information that steers Internet connections in an optimal way. This system is based on the use of Internet Protocol addresses and Autonomous System numbers.